San Diego is considering a modification to its building code that advocates claim would encourage the development of larger family-oriented apartments with improved natural light and airflow.
This proposed change pertains to the long-standing requirement across much of the United States, which mandates that structures taller than three stories have a minimum of two staircases. This regulation was established in the early 20th century in response to fire safety concerns; however, detractors argue that advancements in sprinkler systems and other fire suppression technologies have rendered it outdated.
In July, City Councilmember Kent Lee welcomed proponents of “single-stair reform”—a term that refers to initiatives aimed at allowing buildings up to six stories with just one staircase—to present to the council’s Land Use and Housing Committee. Last month, he successfully persuaded city staff to incorporate single-stair reform into the city’s legislative agenda, which outlines policies that the city’s lobbyists can promote in Sacramento.
The legislative agenda was approved by a council committee last month and is now awaiting a vote from the full City Council.
Lee mentioned that single-stair reform would provide architects with greater flexibility and innovative possibilities, enabling a broader range of housing alternatives. Many dual-staircase buildings feature apartments that only open to the outdoors on one side, which necessitates more energy-consuming lighting and ventilation and is less suitable for units with multiple bedrooms.
“We have numerous microunits, studios, and one-bedroom apartments; however, creating two- or three-bedroom units within a building becomes significantly more complicated when the design options are limited,” Lee explained. “While there is still a considerable demand for small units—often sought by young professionals and seniors on fixed incomes—families are facing more difficulties finding suitable housing options and cannot all compete for the same type of accommodation.”
Last year, the state legislature enacted legislation directing the Office of the State Fire Marshal to conduct a study on single-stair reform, with a report due to lawmakers by January 2026. However, this law does not require any modifications to the state building code.
In light of the uncertainty at the state level, Lee expressed interest in pursuing local amendments to the building code that would permit taller single-stair structures. Seattle implemented similar amendments in 1977, while Honolulu followed suit in 2012. This year, discussions surrounding single-stair reform have also taken place in San Francisco and Austin.
Lee mentioned that he has engaged in “productive discussions” with local officials responsible for the building code, and he believes that implementing single-stair reform in San Diego is achievable.
“They are eager to discuss the potential challenges regarding fire safety, which we acknowledge as crucial,” Lee stated. “These initial conversations aim to keep the dialogue open with stakeholders.”
